Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing importance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Thes

Industrial fuel plays a vital role in the modern production landscape. Factories rely heavily on various types of fuel to generate the energy needed to operate machinery, manufacture goods, and sustain overall operations. From fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable alternatives such as biomass and solar power, the selection of fu

Carbon nanotubes filaments possess remarkable properties that have captured the focus of scientists and engineers for decades. These linear structures, composed of rolled-up graphene sheets, exhibit exceptional durability, electrical conductivity, and thermal efficiency. Harnessing these extraordinary characteristics has the potential to revolution